Ammonia is looking more like the future fuel for shipping
- Paying to pollute could be cheaper than biofuels for conventional ships early on
- Ammonia dual-fuel is the least-risky newbuild option, Umas finds
- Uncertainty around the price of compliance surplus units makes predicting future prices hard
Latest forecasts from UCL and Umas on the total cost of ownership suggest ammonia will be the cheapest way to comply with the new IMO net zero framework from the mid-2030s onwards